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Infiniti FX Sebastian Vettel Concept

Just six months after the idea first surfaced, the Infiniti FX designed for reigning Formula One World Champion Sebastian Vettel is unveiled at the 2011 Frankfurt International Motor Show. What began as a chat between the Red Bull Racing driver and Infiniti's Chief Creative Officer, Shiro Nakamura, at the 2011 Geneva Show in March is revealed, in concept form, as Infiniti's fastest car yet and, probably, the most exclusive crossover ever made.

With its sophisticated technology, lightweight components and features such as Rear Active Steering for maximum agility, the V8 FX50S Premium - Infiniti's flagship as well as its best-selling model in some markets - provides the ideal starting point for the Infiniti FX Sebastian Vettel version. Changes including increased power, lower weight, derestricted top speed, longer gearing, increased downforce and lowered and stiffer suspension turn what is already a sports car among crossovers into a crossover supercar - the 300km/h reality of the World Champion's vision.
Infiniti's Corporate Vice President Toru Saito said: "The FX Sebastian Vettel version is unique and very much Sebastian's car. But at the same time it is a concept car for Infiniti globally."
Sebastian Vettel, 2010 Formula One World Champion and Infiniti Global Brand Ambassador
"I have been driving an FX all this year and it is a car I love. It fits my lifestyle perfectly and is great fun to drive. But of course, it could go a little faster…

"I drive a lot in Germany on motorways that have no speed limits and have enjoyed my FX around the Nürburgring Nordschleife. Driving at high speed where safe and legal is part of my life. As well as a higher top speed I wanted even better stability in my FX, and that meant work on the aerodynamics. It is a tribute to the excellence of the standard FX that achieving all my targets required so few changes.
"This is the first road car I have helped develop. Usually I have hundreds of engineers building one car just for me. So it is fantastic for me to contribute to the design of a car. The result is an Infiniti I am very proud to have my name on. It is all I hoped for: 300km/h, plenty of downforce - and I can still fit my mountain bike in the back. Plus it is totally exclusive - and as an Infiniti driver, that's important."
Design and aerodynamics
As Sebastian says, the first priority for his ultimate FX was to give it more performance. However, whether on the racetrack or the road, speed is just one part of the mix that goes to make a world-beater. All the car's systems, and in particular the aerodynamics, must be up to the task. In the Infiniti FX Sebastian Vettel version they are.

The car's revised aerodynamics profile is the result of changes made by Infiniti designers and engineers after meetings involving Sebastian and Red Bull Racing personnel. A Red Bull Racing RB7 was even shipped to Japan to provide real life inspiration for the team bringing the World Champion's road car dream to life.
Riding 20mm lower than standard and featuring a more aerodynamic, as well as more distinctive, Essence-inspired grille, the most obvious change is the addition of a carbon rear wing. Tests show that it delivers everything that its looks promise - and Sebastian sought - in terms of increased downforce, and stability, at the 300km/h speeds of which the Infiniti FX Sebastian Vettel version is capable.
As well as a 30 per cent improvement in the coefficient of lift (Cl), the special FX boasts a 5 per cent lower coefficient of drag (Cd). Boosting downforce while simultaneously cutting drag is one of the concept's major claims to fame. Even the door mirror housings have been shaped to increase downforce.
Carbon is used for the splitter, sills, front grille, mirror covers and rear diffuser, trimming the weight of what is already one of the lighter SUVs in its size class. Design of the splitter and diffuser is inspired by the F1 car, as is the central rear fog light - just like an F1 car's rain light.
The wheels are 21-inch black multispoke alloys with silver rims, designed exclusively for this car; they don't just look the part but also save weight over the standard 21-inch FX50 wheel. At 2049kg, the Infiniti FX Sebastian Vettel version weighs 46kg less than a standard FX50S Premium.
Lower and even more distinctive with new LED daytime running lights set just below the front bumper section, the concept FX exudes dynamic power. The new look enhances the sports car-like proportions and makes the flowing profile even more seductive. Dark smoke lights back and front complete the look - along with Vettel logos on both sides and at the rear.
Shiro Nakamura, Infiniti Senior Vice President and Chief Creative Officer
"We are always keen to listen to what our customers have to say about our cars, whoever they are. Equally we are always keen to show how individual our cars are, and how personalization can subtly alter their character. Making the perfect FX for Sebastian was the ideal demonstration of this.
"It was at this year's Geneva Show that Sebastian first suggested to me that we collaborate on making his perfect FX. So we haven't had long, but with very clear objectives we have been able to realize his ideas in a very satisfying manner."
Mechanical changes
With an already potent 5.0-litre V8 under the bonnet, relatively little needed to be done to enable the world's most special FX to hit Sebastian Vettel's maximum speed target of 300km/h.
The first job was to free the car of its speed limiter which electronically restricts all other FXs to 250km/h. Even in standard form, with the VVEL V8 producing 390PS at 6500rpm, the car has plenty of performance beyond its artificial top speed, but even so more power had to be found to deliver 300km/h.
No radical engine reworking was necessary to gain the extra 30PS that takes the FX Vettel concept's power output to 420PS. A new exhaust system liberates some of the extra horsepower while a reprogrammed engine ECU takes care of the rest, with no discernible difference to the V8's response or efficiency. And it sounds better than ever.
In addition to the extra power is a longer final drive ratio to deliver 300km/h Autobahn speed without any detrimental effects on refinement. The longer overall gearing means the car is not as quick off the line as it could be - but at 5.6 seconds for 0-100km/h, two tenths of a second ahead of the standard car, no one is complaining. Least of all Sebastian Vettel.
Stiffer springs and re-rated dampers take the FX50's already highly focused sports chassis into a new area of precision control for the smooth-surface, high-speed driving for which the car exists. Essentially, however, making an FX to the World Champion's specification required no major changes. Like any FX in sporting S guise, the concept features dual-flow path (DFP) dampers with continuous damping control (CDC); the same wishbone front/multilink rear suspension, much of it constructed out of aluminium; opposed 4-piston (front), 2-piston (rear) calipers for the 355/350mm brake discs; and vehicle-speed variable rack and pinion steering.
Rear Active Steering, an important ingredient in any FX S's blend of agility with stability, plays a key role in ensuring handling fulfils the World Champion's requirements for a road car.
Interior
The bespoke carbon fibre exterior detailing is echoed in the FX's cabin by tailored panels of black carbon - real, not appliqué - on the doors and centre console. Highlights that would normally be silver chrome are treated to a special black chrome finish, while in true F1 style, Alcantara is used on the steering wheel and gearshift paddles. Special seats, with extra support, are covered in black quilted suede cloth finished with purple stitching and special "SV" logos. The material also features on the pillars, roof lining and sun visors.
A metal plate on the centre console featuring the World Champion's signature provides the unique finishing touch.
The luxury fittings, comprehensive features including Connectiviti+, one of the car world's most complete and easily understood infotainment systems, and the FX's award-winning range of safety technologies are all included. As standard of course. Infiniti believes that no one should be forced to pay for expensive extras - not even World Champions.

Holden Hurricane Concept

Holden has gone back to the future, restoring its very first concept car - the 1969 Holden Hurricane Concept.
The futuristic research vehicle described as an experiment "to study design trend, propulsion systems and other long range developments" has been restored to its former glory as a labour of love by a dedicated group of Holden designers and engineers.
Code named RD 001; the Holden Hurricane is a mid-engined, rear-wheel drive, two-seater sports car which incorporates a remarkable array of innovative features and technology, much of it way ahead of its time.
Features such as electronic digital instrument displays, station-seeking radio, automatic temperature control air conditioning, rear vision camera and an automated route finder were all showcased in this ground-breaking vehicle 42 years ago. Many of these technologies have only recently made their way into mass production, demonstrating Holden's remarkable foresight into both design and engineering technology.

The Holden Hurricane stole headlines and dropped jaws nationwide when it debuted at the 1969 Melbourne Motor Show.
Michael Simcoe, Executive Director GMIO Design, said it was fantastic to see such a significant vehicle restored.
"At Holden we have always prided ourselves on our ability to look into the future through our concept cars," Mr Simcoe said.
"It's amazing to think that the features we take for granted today were born out of creative minds over 40 years ago."

As its code name suggests, the RD 001 was the first product of the GMH Research and Development organisation, staffed by a small squad of engineers working in conjunction with the Advance Styling Group at the Fishermans Bend Technical Centre in the 1960s.
The team that designed and built the original Holden Hurricane employed some advanced technologies and techniques when it came to the powertrain. Powered by an experimental 4.2-litre (253 cubic inch) V8, this engine was a precursor to the Holden V8 engine program which entered production in late 1969.
The Holden Hurricane's V8 engine featured many advanced design components such as the four-barrel carburettor - a feature which wouldn't be seen on a production 253ci Holden V8 until the late 1970s. The end result was approximately 262hp (193kW), a towering power output in 1969 and one that ensured the Holden Hurricane had the go to match its show.
But perhaps the two most innovative features were the "Pathfinder" route guidance system and the rear-view camera.
The "Pathfinder", essentially a pre-GPS navigation system, relied on a system of magnets embedded at intersections along the road network to guide the driver along the desired route. A dash-mounted panel informed the driver of which turn to take by illuminating different arrows, as well as sounding a warning buzzer.
The rear-view camera was also a ground-breaking innovation.
Engineers using a Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) system with a camera mounted in the rear bumper feeding vision to a small black-and-white TV mounted in the centre console.
Former Holden Chief Studio Engineer Rick Martin led the modern-day Hurricane team in researching the vehicle's components, systems and history in order to restore it.
"There are some genuinely remarkable ideas and technology in the Hurricane," said Mr Martin.
"From the automatic air-conditioning and magnet-based guidance system, to the inertia-reel seat belts and metallic paint, this was a car that was genuinely ahead of its time.
"The hand-picked team of engineers and designers who built the original Holden Hurricane worked in strict secrecy and began Holden's now proud tradition of ground-breaking concept cars."
RD 001 stands just 990mm high and has no doors in the conventional sense. A hydraulically-powered canopy opens upwards and forward over the front wheels, combined with twin "astronaut type" power-elevating seats which rise up and pivot forward, along with the steering column for ease of access. Occupants are then lowered to a semi-reclining position before the roof closes over them.
The wind tunnel-tested fibreglass body consists of three segments; the canopy, the engine hood and body shell and was finished in an experimental aluminium flake-based metallic orange paint.
Safety innovations included a foam-lined fuel tank, integrated roll-over bar, digital instrument readouts, ignition safety locks, interior padding and a fire warning system.
The project to restore RD 001 began in 2006 and has been a genuine labour of love for some very dedicated Holden employees. The entire restoration process has been driven primarily by volunteer labour from Holden designers and engineers in their spare time.
But the Hurricane first entered Holden Design in less than immaculate condition. RD 001 had a residency in a trade school where apprentices practised their welding on the priceless concept.
After being returned to Holden in 2006, the Hurricane restoration project has taken many thousands of painstaking man hours to lovingly restore RD 001 to concourse condition.
Holden's Manager for Creative Hard Modelling, Paul Clarke, has been largely responsible for managing the restoration of RD 001. He ensured as many of the original parts as possible have been used or remade using modern techniques to 1969 specification, in order to preserve the authenticity of this hugely important Holden.
"The entire team has done a fantastic job in bringing this beautiful concept back to life," Mr Clarke said.
"The talent we have within the Holden organisation is simply outstanding. Every time we take on a project I'm constantly amazed by the passion and talent in this company, making it a genuine pleasure to work on these projects.
"The Hurricane plays a crucial role in Holden's story and the company has such a great sense of history and heritage that it was very important to bring RD 001 back to life. It's been a challenging but incredibly rewarding process."
Since the debut of the Holden Hurricane Concept in 1969, Holden has continued to build a global reputation for envisioning and executing world-class concept vehicles. Holden is recognised globally within General Motors as a centre of excellence for concept vehicle and show car development and is one of only three GM design studios that is capable to design and build concept cars.

Isuzu Rodeo 3.0 Denveri

Truly a pickup without compromise from the company that calls itself 'the pickup professionals', the 2011 Isuzu Rodeo range offers UK consumers the perfect blend of rugged ability with performance, comfort with style, and self-assured confidence with truck-like toughness.
Unlike other pickups, the Isuzu Rodeo doesn't just have bespoke parts, it's an entirely bespoke vehicle built from the ground up to take on a broad range of challenges in the widest variety of conditions.
Isuzu believes that a pickup isn't a pickup if it is not equally as good off-road as it is on the tarmac. Thanks to its commercial vehicle DNA and decades of Isuzu expertise, the Rodeo can make the toughest of jobs seem effortless and the inaccessible suddenly isn't.

In its latest form, the Isuzu Rodeo line-up presents UK consumers with a choice of eight models, single and double cab body styles, two diesel engines, two- or four-wheel drive and manual or automatic transmissions.
Prices for the 2011 Rodeo line-up range from £12,699 to £22,549 (commercial vehicle on the road), and because of their 1,000 kg-plus payloads, all Rodeos allow a VAT registered company to reclaim the VAT.
A choice of seven exterior colours is offered - with solid white as standard and two metallic and four mica colours available either as a £315 extra cost option (FOC on the two Max LE models).
Originally launched in the UK in November 2003, the Isuzu Rodeo underwent a substantial upgrade in 2007 with a plush new interior and world-beating new common-rail diesel engine joining the line-up to keep it a highly competitive vehicle in the hotly-contested UK market for 'lifestyle' one-tonne pickups.
The Rodeo was soon acknowledged as the most up-to-date and sophisticated vehicle in its class and quickly racked up numerous awards. These included: 'Best Double Cab Pickup' from Used Car Buyer magazine, 'Lifestyle Pickup Winner' from 4x4 magazine, the Caravan Club's '2005 Towcar of the Year / Utility Class' accolade and the 'Best-In-Class' title from WhatVan? magazine.

In addition to the Rodeo's competitive fuel economy, running costs are driven down by 12,000 miles or 12 months service intervals. Isuzu's legendary reliability is endorsed by a three-year/60,000 mile bumper-to-bumper mechanical warranty, along with three-years' recovery and assistance cover. Extra underbody and box section rust proofing allows Isuzu Rodeo owners to also benefit from a six-year anti-corrosion warranty.
Outside the UK, the Isuzu Rodeo pickup is a remarkable global phenomenon. Known as the Isuzu D-Max in certain countries, it was launched in Thailand, where it is manufactured, in May 2002. Its remarkable combination of attributes quickly established this model as a global leader, with Isuzu exporting vehicles to more than 80 countries worldwide - including Australia where it wears a 'Holden' badge.
Selling in vast volumes, the Rodeo has been the world's Number One best-seller in the one-tonne pickup market since 1983.

STYLING
Famed for its understated yet purposeful appeal, the super-tough appearance of the Rodeo range combines car-like detailing with a strong road presence.
Completely upgraded in 2007, the Isuzu Rodeo double-cab features a whole new look, with a new grille, projector-type headlamps, new bumper within inset foglamps and a new bonnet with intercooler intake.
The pickup's wide track is accentuated by clearly-defined wheelarch swage lines - further enhanced by chunky-looking extensions. The cab design itself is especially well integrated with the load bed - avoiding the boxy, add-on look of many vehicles in this segment. Smoother rear side panels behind the cab have contours which are complemented by a new tailgate and rear lamps.
Sophisticated, car-like detailing extends to the multi-element headlamps, turn indicator 'repeaters' set in the door mirrors and tight panel-gaps throughout the body. The flowing surface treatment can be further enhanced by the choice of high-gloss mica or metallic paint.
The overall sensation of high quality is endorsed by the grab-type exterior door handles which have a substantial feel, but also an especially light movement, and the large wrap-round rear lights.
Spacious, comfortable and ergonomic interior
The neat sophistication of the Rodeo's exterior design is carried over into the interior styling, with a one-piece fascia, car-like soft-touch surfaces across the doors and fascia, plus efficient control ergonomics with all major controls readily at hand and a standard of seat comfort previously unheard of in a pickup.
Generously proportioned, the Rodeo seats are trimmed in a plush Moquette cloth which is also featured on the door trims. Featuring crisp, clear graphics, the three instrument dials are electro-luminescent. Large circular, adjustable air vents in the centre and outboard on the fascia, compliment the chunky, four-spoke steering wheel with a bold 'ISUZU' logo encircled inside a chrome ring. All Rodeos benefit from extensive cabin sound-proofing with insulation placed in critical areas of the bodyshell to heighten refinement.
The attractive centre stack houses easy-to-use rotary controls for the ventilation and air-conditioning, the audio and (where fitted) sat-nav systems, and below the top air vents, a digital clock and three selector buttons for the 'shift-on-the fly' drivetrain, allowing 2WD (2H) and 4WD (4H) to be engaged on the move at speeds up to 60 mph. For low ratio (4L) selection, the vehicle must be stationary but operation is equally simple.
Cabin space is generous with 1,004 mm of headroom and 1,450 mm of shoulder room, up front. To ensure that the majority of users can find a comfortable driving position, the driver's seat has 200 mm of fore/aft travel and the steering wheel is height-adjustable.
Rear seat passengers are also well looked after. Access is easy as the rear doors are much wider than most competitors and can be opened up to 68.5 degrees allowing easy entry and exit. The rear seat backrest is reclined to a greater angle (than many rivals) for improved comfort and rear legroom is also ample.
COMFORT & CONVENIENCE
The 2011 line-up of Isuzu Rodeo models encompasses four versions of the Double Cab 4x4 so customers can tailor their chosen vehicle to their specific needs and budget.
The entry-level Denver has a generous specification that includes as standard: air-conditioning, four electric windows, 16-inch alloy wheels, keyless-entry central-locking, a leather-wrapped steering wheel, single-disc radio/CD player with MP3 capability and iPod connectivity. This model is priced from £16,049 (Commercial OTR).
Expected to be the biggest seller, the Denver Max costs just £1,000 more (from £17,049) and comes with additional features such as soft-type front bumper A-bar, stainless steel side-steps, an under (or over) -rail load bed liner, stainless steel door scuff plates, a 'double-DIN' radio with CD player and MP3 capability, plus Bluetooth hands-free kit and chrome-finish rear lamp protectors.
Priced from £19,299, the Denver Max Plus adds a two-tone leather interior, cruise control and a touch-screen colour sat-nav system to its standard specification.
The range-topping Denver Max LE benefits from 18-inch 'Shadow Chrome' alloy wheels with 255/60 R18 tyres, stainless steel mesh front grille, chrome finish bonnet garnish, and a body-colour hard top with locking tailgate. Pricing is from £21,549.
With its focus on hard work, rather than a work/leisure mix, the Rodeo Single Cab 4x2, which carries a £12,699 price tag, is equipped with tinted glass, ABS, front airbags, seatbelts with pre-tensioners, single disc radio/CD player with two speakers and an anti-theft alarm.
ENGINES & PERFORMANCE
Isuzu is the world's biggest manufacturer of diesel engines and appropriately, its four cylinder power units for the Isuzu Rodeo pickup range deliver best-in-class combinations of fuel-economy, emissions, performance and refinement.
Available in two capacities (2.5 and 3.0 litres), the Isuzu diesel for Rodeo is fitted with a top mounted intercooler and five-speed manual gearbox as standard. It features twin overhead camshafts with 16 valves, a stainless steel timing chain, and an advanced common-rail system operating at a high-pressure (180 MPa), with an electronically-controlled injection pump for precise and constant 'just-in-time' fuel supply. A variable geometry turbocharger (VGT) - with turbine blades that vary their pitch according to engine speed - provides strong pulling power throughout the rev-range.
For excellent pulling power, a large percentage of maximum torque is available from both engines at just 1,000 rpm - 60 percent (2.5) and more than 70 percent (3.0).
Featuring a 95.4 mm bore and short 87.4 mm stroke, the 2,499 cc engine is especially smooth, quiet and free-revving and runs on an 18.3:1 compression ratio. Maximum power is 136 ps at 3,600 rpm, with 294 Nm of torque from 1,800 to 3,200 rpm.
This engine complies with Euro4 emission standards and delivers class-leading fuel economy - 28.8, 39.8 and 34.9 mpg on the Urban, Extra Urban and Combined cycles - with a CO2 rating of 213 g/km.
The Isuzu Rodeo's 2.5-litre engine generates more power and torque than the previous generation 3-litre power unit, throughout the entire rev-range and delivers an especially strong performance between 2,500 and 3,500 rpm with much improved throttle response. With this engine, Rodeo accelerates to 62 mph in just 12.8 seconds - a 38 percent improvement on the previous model.
3-litre delivers 20 percent more power and torque
The 3-litre engine has the same cylinder bore, with a significantly longer stroke (104.9 mm) for a capacity of 2,999 cc. Its power output is up 20 percent to 163 ps and torque rises to 360 Nm for the manual transmission Rodeo - a 22 percent hike. Acceleration time to 62 mph is cut by 2.1 seconds to 10.7. Fuel economy figures are 26.9, 39.2 and 33.6 mpg (Urban, Extra Urban and Combined cycles), with CO2 emissions of 222 g/km.
When mated to the optional four-speed automatic transmission, the 3-litre engine is re-tuned to deliver a little less torque (333 Nm) but over a wider rev-band, from 1,600 to 3,200 rpm. This engine/gearbox combination returns fuel economy of 25.9, 35.8 and 31.4 mpg (Urban, Extra Urban and Combined cycles), with CO2 emissions of 237 g/km.
Standard transmission for Isuzu Rodeo is a five-speed manual gearbox with a high top gear ratio - 0.745:1 (2.5) and 0.790:1 (3.0) - for quieter and more fuel-efficient motoring at higher cruising speeds. Fifth gear, for example, now delivers a relaxed 27.9 mph/1,000 rpm in the 3-litre model.
Class-leading 'hauling' and 'towing' performances
The Rodeo's Double-Cab and Single-Cab cargo dimensions, payload capacity and towing weights are among the very best available in the UK's pickup marketplace.
The Double-Cab's cargo bay measures 1,360 x 1,340 mm and can accommodate a highly competitive 1,075 kg payload. This is comfortably over the tax-critical 1,000 kg threshold which allows companies to reclaim VAT. Towing weight is equally impressive at a class-leading 3,000 kg.
Off-road, the Rodeo Double-Cab's credentials promise an amazing capability. Ground clearance is a generous 205 mm while approach, departure and ramp angles are 34, 21 and 21 degrees. The maximum transverse angle is a remarkable 49 degrees and Isuzu's pickup can wade through 600 mm deep water at 5 mph. The rear axle even has a snorkel to enable the Rodeo to 'breathe' under water.
Optimised for a hard working life, the Single-Cab's cargo area is a massive 2,280 mm long and 1,520 wide, while the maximum payload is 1,235 kg. Ground clearance is 195 mm, wading depth 400 mm and towing capacity 2,500 kg.
CHASSIS & RUNNING GEAR
Decades of experience manufacturing some of the world's best-selling trucks and commercial vehicles, are incorporated into Isuzu's Rodeo pickup range which is 'built tough' from the ground up.
Maximising the attributes of a traditional ladder frame and separate bodyshell structure, the Isuzu Rodeo features the largest and widest chassis of any pickup with eight cross members and a reinforced cargo bed support. Highlighting this model's truck DNA, the heavy-duty rear axle has dual-taper wheel bearings, while the front suspension's upper control arms and stub axles are engineered for immense strength and longevity.
Rugged yet refined, the Rodeo's suspension is designed to deliver a smoother ride than most competitors, with an unusual degree of steering precision for this class. It features power-assisted rack-and-pinion steering rather than the less precise recirculating ball system still used by many one-tonne pickups.
Front suspension is fully independent employing double wishbones and torsion bars, with an anti-roll bar as standard. Rear suspension features a live axle suspended by semi-elliptic steel leaf springs for maximum simplicity and durability, plus the ability to absorb punishing payloads. The rear springs are carefully tuned to work in harmony with the front suspension to reduce the unladen ride choppiness displayed by many rival models. Ride comfort is further enhanced by the fitting of gas-filled double-acting shock absorbers, front and rear.
The Rodeo has a braking system especially designed for demanding commercial use when fully laden. It features large 280 mm ventilated front discs with twin-piston calipers which enhance braking performance and ensure even brake pad wear. The 295 mm rear drums are fitted with improved, fade-resistant pad material. The dual-circuit braking system has a large 230 mm (9.0 ins) tandem servo. In addition, all Rodeos have a sophisticated three-channel, four-sensor anti-lock braking system (ABS) with electronic brakeforce distribution (EBD).
Alloy wheels are standard on all Isuzu Rodeo Double Cab derivatives in the UK - 16 x 7 inch with 245/70 R16 tyres on most models, with 18 x 8.5 inch alloys and 255/60 R18 tyres for the Rodeo Denver Max LE.
SAFETY & SECURITY
The Rodeo's standard 'active' and 'passive' safety features are truly outstanding for a pickup - the result of Isuzu taking care of its product users bearing in mind that in many countries, such as in the Far East or on the Greek peninsular, this vehicle is chosen as the primary family car, as well as an everyday work mate.
The Isuzu Rodeo has built-in strengths that also deliver benefits in terms of safety. The separate ladder-frame chassis is 60 percent stiffer longitudinally and 50 percent stronger laterally - compared to the previous generation model. A special cross member at the rear of the chassis greatly increases torsional rigidity and spreads the weight of the payload more evenly.
Helping safety, refinement and durability is a single-piece cabin side panel. This is formed from galvanized steel, for maximum corrosion-protection, as are the cabin rear bulkhead, inner and outer door skins, bonnet, wings, wheel arch housings, load bay floor and sides, plus the tailgate. For maximum longevity as well as impact resistance, the fuel tank is made of polyethylene.
To help Rodeo drivers cope with everyday motoring hazards, 'active' safety features fitted as standard include a three-channel, four-sensor anti-lock braking system (ABS) with electronic brakeforce distribution (EBD). This latter feature is especially important on a pickup which has to cope with a wide variation between laden and unladen weight. The Rodeo's EBD compensates for the front and rear load differences during braking - before the ABS intervenes - preventing rear wheel lock-up which can affect some pickups.
'Passive' safety kit fitted to all Rodeos includes twin front airbags and impact-resistant side protection beams for all doors. The front and rear of the bodyshell have special crush zones designed to provide maximum absorption of impact forces, while the centre section and chassis are specially reinforced.
Every Isuzu Rodeo occupant benefits from a three-point seatbelt - even for the rear centre passenger in double-cab models. The front seatbelts have pretensioners with load-limiters and are height-adjustable as are the two outer rear seatbelts. An ISOFIX child seat mounting is fitted to the two outer rear seats - making the Rodeo ideally suited for use as a 'lifestyle' family vehicle.
Passenger car-like security features include an engine immobiliser for all models plus a warning reminder should the ignition key be left in the vehicle inadvertently. An anti-theft alarm is standard, together with central door locking with a keyless entry facility featuring a rolling code for even greater security. This works by changing the code between the key and the vehicle every time the Isuzu Rodeo is locked and unlocked.

Lexus GS 350 F Sport

Lexus will reveal the all-new 2013 GS 350 F Sport package at the 2011 Specialty Equipment Market Association (SEMA) Show in Las Vegas. Building on the excitement of the fourth-generation GS 350 which was revealed at Pebble Beach in August 2011, the Lexus GS 350 F Sport package was designed to engage driving enthusiasts with factory engineering and the ability to take performance to an entirely new level. Unique to the F Sport package will be aggressive 19-inch wheels, F Sport-tuned Adaptive Variable Suspension (AVS), thicker anti-roll bars, bushing changes, and new larger front brakes with high friction pads. In addition, rear-wheel drive (RWD) models will be equipped with 19-inch staggered width wheels and Variable Gear Ratio Steering (VGRS). Inside, the all-new package also features a sporty attitude with a new 16-way power driver's sport seat, unique interior design treatment and available F Sport exclusive Cabernet Red leather interior.

"The all-new GS 350 with F Sport package will offer our customers more agility and a sportier appearance," said Mark Templin, Lexus group vice president and general manager. "The racing-inspired F Sport components were precision engineered for this vehicle, providing quality performance without compromise."
Engine/Transmission/Drivetrain/Performance
As with the GS 350, the GS 350 F Sport package is powered by an advanced 3.5-liter V6, with four cams, and four valves per cylinder and dual Variable Valve Timing with intelligence. At 306 horsepower, it is one of the most powerful base engines in the segment, as well as the only one with both port and direct injection. It propels the car from 0-60 mph in 5.7 seconds and at the same time, fuel economy has been improved.
Acceleration from 30 to 50 mph can take just 3.0 seconds, and improved engine sound characteristics complement the bolder, more energetic personality of the new GS. The six-speed sequential shift automatic transmission has paddle shifters and sport driving functions as standard equipment.
The transmission incorporates many features adopted from the Lexus IS F high-performance sedan — including faster shifts, and downshift throttle blips — to support four driving modes that can be operated by toggling the Lexus Drive Mode selector. In addition to the Normal mode, the driver can customize the driving experience using ECO, Sport S and Sport S+ modes.
An optional electronically controlled all-wheel-drive system is designed to enhance traction in a variety of driving conditions. The system can vary front-to-rear torque balance from 50/50 to as much as 30/70, depending on driving conditions, for exceptional control.

Chassis/Body/Suspension/Tires/Brakes
To provide a more engaging driving experience, including a new aerodynamic body, a completely new platform with a wider stance and stiffer structure, a transmission with quicker shifts, distinctive engine sound and exhaust notes, and better seat support, Lexus engineers looked to the Lexus LFA supercar for inspiration.

The new platform has been designed to be more rigid. Engineers conducted extensive platform testing, ultimately increasing the number of spot welds and adding laser welds in very specific locations. The track, wider by almost two inches, works in combination with a revised suspension design to help ensure a more solid stance and superior cornering performance.
The new suspension system is designed to help guide the 2013 GS through corners with precision. In the front, upper and lower control arms are made from aluminum and employ larger bushings. The rear subframe has been completely redesigned to accommodate an all-new multi-link rear suspension, using improved suspension geometry that helps retain tire cornering force and enhances rear control. With the stiffer platform and lighter components, the shocks can use lighter-viscosity oil, so they move easily and respond to small inputs more quickly.
The use of front and rear aluminum control arms helps reduce unsprung weight and results in significant improvements in agility, roll damping, ride comfort, body control and steering precision. Overall, the suspension is lighter and stronger, allowing it to react to driver input readily, and ride quietly without harshness.
The Lexus GS 350 F Sport package will offer an optional newly developed Lexus Dynamic Handling (LDH) system with Dynamic Rear Steering (DRS) for those seeking more agility. This leading edge platform technology offers Lexus' first integration of DRS; Electric Power Steering; and Variable Gear Ratio Steering. Monitoring vehicle speed, steering direction and driver inputs, the system calculates the optimum angle for all four wheels. LDH helps to optimize the vehicle slip angle. Using VGRS in the front and DRS in the rear, the system can independently manage both front and rear wheel steering angles to help improve turn-in response, rear grip, vehicle control and overall agility when cornering.

The latest generation of Lexus' unique Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management system coordinates Lexus Dynamic Handling; the Anti-lock Braking System; Traction Control; Vehicle Stability Control; and Adaptive Variable Suspension. Adaptive Variable Suspension helps front and rear wheel control and provides agile, sharp and confident driving behavior with a more direct response to the driver's actions. The LDH system monitors vehicle speed and yaw rate, steering angle and speed, and lateral G to calculate the required rear wheel steering input, to a maximum DRS angle of 2.0 degrees. At most speeds below 50 mph the front and rear wheels turn in opposite directions. In certain conditions at speeds over 50 mph the front and rear wheels turn in the same direction.
Further coordinating DRS with VGRS and AVS, the Lexus Dynamic Handling system will automatically customize the adaptive suspension tuning and active safety systems to suit road conditions, vehicle speed and driving style, giving drivers the confidence to fully utilize the exceptional driving performance of the GS with F Sport package.
The GS 350 RWD with F Sport package will be exclusively equipped with 19-inch staggered width wheels paired with 235/40/19 front and 265/35/19 rear tires, the widest rear tires ever on a Lexus sedan. The wider width wheels allow for a sportier look, and will also help provide added traction. All-wheel drive (AWD) models will be paired with 235/40/19 all-season tires in the front and rear.
Safety/Security Features
As with the GS 350, the GS 350 F Sport package will be standard equipped with 10 airbags, including a knee airbag for both front driver and passenger. Rear seat occupants have seat-mounted side airbags, and all four outboard occupants are equipped with side curtain airbags. Also standard are new Whiplash Injury Lessening front seats designed to help limit excessive head movement, and help decrease the severity of whiplash-type injuries in certain types of rear-end collisions. Standard seatbelts with pretensioners with force limiters used for front and outboard rear seats further assist occupant protection.
Available options to help further enhance occupant safety include a Pre-Collision System, which uses the Dynamic Radar Cruise Control System to provide early warning of certain objects traveling directly ahead that might result in a front-end collision. The system also uses a Lexus-first infrared camera with new scanning technology to monitor the driver's eyes. In the event that the driver does not appear to be looking forward when a collision appears imminent, the system will initiate the warning at an earlier threshold. If the driver still does not respond and make the appropriate maneuver, the system will initiate braking intervention up to 1.2 seconds prior to impact, helping to lessen the severity of the collision. With available Lexus Dynamic Handling, PCS will help further mitigate the occurrence of a collision.
Other available safety systems include a Night Vision System that enhances driver visibility at night; Heads Up Display; a Blind Spot Monitor that helps detect vehicles in rear/side blind spots; and Lane Keep Assist (LKA) with Lane Departure Warning (LDW). GS is the first in its segment to offer LKA with active steering torque to provide a small amount to assist in maintaining course, while the LDW feature alerts the driver if the system detects that the vehicle is beginning to drift out of the lane.

Exterior Design
The 2013 GS expresses a new generation of Lexus' design philosophy with its precisely sculpted exterior and will lead the rest of the lineup in an entirely new direction. When designers shaped the GS they visualized the flow of air around it and, like the LFA supercar, maximized aerodynamic efficiency for low coefficient of drag.
Following the inspirational design cues of the IS line-up and CT 200h, the F Sport package separates itself from the GS line-up with distinctive exterior details. To display its aggressive attitude, the Lexus GS 350 F Sport package will be outfitted with a sport front bumper and rear lower valence, rear lip spoiler, unique F Sport mesh grille inserts and F Sport badging.
The GS fuses distinctive style with engineering functionality. The signature spindle grille with its trapezoidal contours fully integrates into the aggressive front bumper allowing for efficient airflow. Air inlets located on the outer edges of the lower grille serve as cooling ducts. This distinctive Lexus design feature combined with the deep-set, high-tech headlamps and L-shaped LED daytime running lamps further express the vehicle's confident and dynamic character. The headlamps use a projector beam design, adding a strong, chiseled appearance and excellent illumination. Fins incorporated into the side of the tail lamps and the design of the trunk area all help direct air over and past the car. The rear bumper underbody area was designed for reduced wind resistance to help keep the car firmly planted on the ground.
From the side, the GS projects the image of a spacious sport sedan with a road-hugging wider stance. The tapered lower rocker panel and the short front overhang give the vehicle a sense of motion. Width-enhancing front and rear wheel arches add an athletic stance-enhancing the vehicle's dynamic presence.
The rear bumper features a distinctive exhaust diffuser and centered aero fins to help control underbody airflow. Combined with the L-shaped LED tail lamps, a Lexus design cue, these rear bumper features lend a high-performance appearance. Overall, the new GS sheet metal represents a significant extension of the Lexus L-finesse philosophy that is the core of all Lexus product design.
The Lexus GS 350 F Sport package will feature two new colors: Riviera Red and Liquid Platinum, and also be available in Starfire Pearl, Nebula Gray Pearl and Obsidian. Vehicles in Riviera Red will benefit from glass flakes incorporated into the coating that adds a high level of brilliance to the paint. Lexus engineers developed a new advanced coating process for Liquid Platinum exteriors. The GS 350 will be the first Lexus to adopt this new coating technology. Vehicles with the Liquid Platinum exterior will appear more radiant as an additional metallic texture gives both strong shading and defined, sharp highlights. This metallic effect makes subtle and defined bodylines more noticeable and the surface appears finely polished.
Interior Design
To complement the aggressive-looking exterior of the F Sport package, the interior will feature an exclusive design treatment with smooth striated aluminum trim, unique perforated leather trim, black headliner and aluminum pedals. Distinctive F Sport badging will be showcased on the steering wheel. Focusing on the driver, the F Sport package will feature a new 16-way power sport seat for increased lateral support. The driver's seat will include a Lexus-first with power side bolsters, thigh support, adjustable seatback and four-way lumbar. To complete the uniqueness of the F Sport package, a striking Cabernet Red leather interior will also be available.
Painstaking attention to detail was applied to the GS cabin as well, to create a balance of luxurious and technological amenities and emotional design. The new layout of the long, sculpted dash gives the driver and front passenger a sense of roominess through its clean center stack and new, large high-resolution center control display placed deep near the front windshield. Most of the comfort and convenience controls, such as audio and climate, were relocated to provide a cleaner and more sophisticated dash layout.
The interior includes a number of embedded premium upgrades as standard equipment. A new energy-saving auto climate control system called S-Flow uses the occupant-detection system to focus airflow only to the front area where passengers are actually seated, a first-in-class technology. A next-generation Remote Touch with one-push confirmation is standard on all models and enables smooth, intuitive operations control.
The Remote Touch allows the user to operate the climate, audio, phone controls, optional navigation system and more. The screen menus are selected with the controller, eliminating the need to reach out. Remote Touch also reduces eye movement and helps users operate functions with reduced effort and distraction. A standard rear back-up camera helps add convenience.
The finely crafted cabin detail is complemented further by ambient lighting that unobtrusively welcomes and guides the user into the vehicle, providing a carefully designed experience. New white LED lights are sequentially lit to illuminate the areas around the doors, center console and footwells. A new analog clock with LED indicators, carved from an ingot, adds a unique touch, at once both modern and traditional.
"The GS 350 with F Sport Package will be a distinctive offering of luxury and excitement," said Templin. "With its dynamic handling, stopping power and true sporty feel this F Sport package will be sure to please our enthusiasts."

5 Student Loan Forgiveness Programs

By Jenny Miles

Federal student loans always have to be paid back. The loan program requires repayment after graduation or six months after the borrower is no longer attending college.
These loans have varying repayment options, including deferring payments if the borrower is unemployed or underemployed.
Student loan forgiveness offers a few options to the borrower to give them the opportunity to have part or all of their loans forgiven under certain circumstances.
Volunteer Work:
The federal government allows a borrower to volunteer with three different organizations for a partial and up to total loan forgiveness. Volunteer with Americorps for 12 months and receive up to $4725.00 for loan repayment.
Peace Corp volunteers will be granted loan repayment in differing amounts depending on length of service. Fifteen percent of the loan total is forgiven for each year of volunteer status with a maximum amount forgiven of 70 percent.
VISTA offers the borrower a chance to volunteer and receive a partial student loan forgiveness. Volunteer 1700 hours through VISTA and receive $4725.00 for loan repayment.
Military Service:
Student borrowers have the opportunity to join the Army National Guard and receive up to $10,000 for educational loan payments depending on length of military service.
Teachers:
Borrowers that become teachers in schools that have a certain population of low income students may be eligible to receive forgiveness of their Perkins loans. The National Defense Education Act allows teachers to have loans forgiven at a rate of 15 percent of the loan for each of the first two years of teaching and twenty percent in years three and four. Thirty percent of the loan is forgiven in the fifth year.
Teacher's in Mississippi that hold an alternate route teaching license and are employed in schools with a teacher shortage may be qualified to utilize the teacher loan repayment plan.
Legal and Medical Studies:
Law school loan borrowers who work in non profit or public interest law positions may be eligible for student loan forgiveness. The US Department of Health and Human Services has a program for doctors and nurses who practice medicine in areas that do not have access to proper medical care. Federal loan borrowers should contact the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) for a listing of all medical student loan forgiveness options.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/6644938

Subaru Forester

The 2011 Forester is Subaru's third generation of crossover SUV. Based on the Impreza platform, the Subaru Forester features a multi-link rear suspension, fuel-saving electric power steering and Subaru Vehicle Dynamics Control.

All Forester vehicles feature Subaru's Symmetrical All-Wheel Drive system, and customers can choose the new-for-summer-2011 2.0-litre Boxer petrol engine - returning 37.7mpg (combined) and a low CO2 emission figure of 173g/km - or the new, even more frugal Boxer diesel engine (47.9mpg, combined) which also offers an impressive between-fills range of 625 miles (1,000km).

Boasting exceptional agility, improved fuel economy, impressive load space and car-like characteristics, the Subaru Forester SUV is great value, priced from just £21,370 (OTR).

EQUIPMENT AND DESIGN

The Subaru Forester boasts a clean, chiselled appearance with multi-grooved wheel-arches, hawk-eye headlamps and muscular bumpers. Thought has even been given to the chunky exterior door handles, which have deep recesses to allow winter glove-wearers an easier grip.

The instruments have a sporty appearance thanks to their clear design and subtle lighting while the extensive vehicle information display includes an instantaneous fuel consumption indicator, highlighting the Subaru Forester's excellent efficiency.

Other premium touches shared by all Foresters include a gas strut-assisted bonnet, flowing fascia design, double-stitched seat cloth, metallic interior decoration, padded armrest cushions and a premium audio system that includes USB, iPod and Bluetooth connectivity.

The diesel Subaru Forester offers outstanding equipment levels with even the base Forester 2.0D X featuring Symmetrical All-Wheel Drive, Subaru Vehicle Dynamics Control, self-levelling rear suspension, fuel-saving electric power steering, front, side and curtain airbags and 16 x 6.5-inch alloy wheels with 215 / 65 tyres.

Other features include electric windows fore and aft, 60/40-split rear seats with reclining back-rests, climate control air-conditioning, radio/CD player, front fog lamps, vehicle information display, height and reach-adjustment steering wheel, leather-covered steering wheel, handbrake and gearlever, heated front seats, mirrors and windscreen wipers and cruise control.

The Subaru Forester 2.0D XC adds roof-rails, larger, 17 x 7.0inch alloy wheels with 225 / 55 tyres, electrically folding door mirrors, one-touch folding rear seats, HID headlamps, a large, electrically-powered sun-roof and a premium audio system featuring a built-in rear reversing camera and a large display screen for ease-of-use

Topping the diesel range, the Forester 2.0D XS NavPlus, adds satellite navigation with single disc DVD / CD / radio, leather seats, electrically powered driver's seat and keyless Smart-entry with push-button start.

The petrol Subaru Forester line-up starts with the entry-level Forester 2.0 X. It features Symmetrical All-Wheel Drive, Subaru Vehicle Dynamics Control, self-levelling rear suspension, fuel-saving electric power steering, front, side and curtain airbags, four electric windows, 60 / 40-split rear seats with reclining back-rests, climate-control air-conditioning, radio / CD player, front fog lamps, vehicle information display, height and reach-adjustment steering wheel, heated front seats, mirrors and windscreen wipers plus cruise-control and 16-inch alloy wheels. Manual models feature a dual-range transmission.

Finally, the higher-spec Forester 2.0 XS petrol offers 17-inch alloy wheels; leather seats, steering wheel, gear-lever and handbrake; premium audio system featuring a built-in rear reversing camera and a large display screen for ease-of-use; HID headlamps; sun-roof, electrically powered driver's seat; electrically folding door mirrors; retractable rear seat tray with cup-holder; engine starter button and keyless 'smart' entry.

NEW BOXER DIESEL IN DETAIL

Dedicated to the horizontally opposed Boxer engine layout for over 40 years, Subaru engineers were determined to use this proven format for their first diesel engine and for the new, improved version of this powerplant introduced in spring 2011.

The desire was to create a light, compact, strong unit with reduced vibration, noise and internal friction, as well as an ultra-low centre of gravity, compared to an in-line engine. This configuration enhances handling agility and road holding - especially when combined with Subaru's renowned Symmetrical All-Wheel Drive system.

The diesel engine and transmission are not only mounted very low down but also within the vehicle's wheelbase, which further boosts chassis dynamics. The horizontally opposed pistons effectively cancel out any secondary harmonic vibration (vibration with twice the frequency of the engine speed). The crankshaft is short and highly rigid, minimising the vibration noise often present in many other diesel engines.

And the superior balance of the horizontally opposed engine means internal rotational inertia and friction are drastically reduced compared with an in-line engine. Reduced internal friction means throttle response is also exceptionally lively and in keeping with Subaru's sporty heritage.

The cylinder block is of a rigid semi-closed deck design, while all five main bearings in the alloy block use metal composite supports for added strength and durability. It also enhances refinement, providing a similar thermal expansion to that of the crankshaft.

A special surface treatment to withstand the diesel engine's high combustion pressures is applied to the high-strength crankshaft, while the uprated cylinder heads have roller rocker arms. In addition, the cam-drive is via a chain system that is better able to handle the variations in torque of the diesel engine.

The new version of the Boxer diesel employs an advanced common-rail fuel-injection system with the fuel highly pressurised before being fed into the common rail. This maximises efficiency, both in terms of power, fuel consumption and emissions.

The development of the revised diesel engine focuses on nine key improvements. These include enhanced turbo-charger efficiency with reduced pumping losses, new exhaust-camshaft timing, increased EGR cooling, optimised flow-rate in the cooling circuit, fitting 4 per cent lighter connecting rods, eliminating the mini-PTC heater and switching to a smaller capacity 150-A alternator.

The new Boxer diesel meets Euro5 emission standards thanks to oxidation catalytic converters and a DPF (diesel particulate filter). This minimises particulate matter - the cause of black smoke.

Performance is improved while fuel economy and emissions are significantly improved. Maximum power is still 147ps at an ultra-low 3,600rpm and the substantial 350Nm (258lb.ft) of torque is now even more accessible, from 1,600 to 2,400rpm - 200rpm lower than previously.

Diesel Subaru Forester's top speed and 0-60mph figure are among the best in the compact SUV class. Top speed is 115.5mph and the sprint to 60mph is dispatched in 10.3 seconds. Even more importantly, in-gear flexibility leaves most competitors trailing thanks to strong mid-range torque and the carefully chosen ratios of the new six-speed manual gearbox.

Fuel economy in the Subaru Forester 2.0D X is improved by an average of 7.2 per cent, to an outstanding 39.8 (urban), 54.3 (extra urban) and 47.9mpg (combined). The Forester 2.0D XC and XS NavPlus derivatives, with their wider tyres, are not far behind at 39.2 (urban), 53.3 (extra urban) and 47.1mpg (combined). The new CO2 emission figures are especially impressive, down from 167 and 170g/km, respectively to just 155 and 158g/km.

To maximise the benefits of this new-found frugality, the Boxer diesel's fuel tank is larger - 64 litres compared to the petrol model's 60 litres, giving it a range of 625miles / 1,000km.

2.0-LITRE PETROL IN DETAIL

The latest Subaru Boxer petrol engine delivers improved environmental credentials compared to its predecessor, while also affording smooth acceleration. The new FB-A engine (found in the 2.0 X and XS Forester models) offers stronger low and mid-range pulling power, enhanced flexibility and improved fuel economy, as well as lower exhaust emissions.

The 2.0-litre four-cam configuration remains the same, featuring twin overhead camshafts per bank (DOHC), four valves per cylinder and an Active Valve Control System (AVCS) - a form of variable valve timing. The stroke has been increased by an additional 8mm to 92mm, offering an improvement in torque in the low- and mid-speed ranges, in addition to reduced emissions. Capacity is now 1,995cc.

The cylinder head, cylinder block and valve train have been re-designed, while the intake and exhaust systems have been extensively re-worked to optimise efficiency through increased air flow. Modifications to the cooling system channels now allow the engine to reach operating temperature quicker, with faster increases in oil temperature, reducing friction and improving fuel economy.

For this third-generation Boxer petrol engine, Subaru also employs a chain-type camshaft drive, as found on Subaru's six-cylinder engines and the brand's Boxer diesel engines. A more compact design and maintenance-free setup are two important benefits of this alteration.

Urban / extra urban / combined fuel consumption figures are now 29.1 / 44.8 / 37.7mpg for the Subaru Forester 2.0 X and XS automatic models, with an improved CO2 figure of 174g/km. This compares favourably with the petrol automatic competition.

The four-speed automatic achieves the 0-60mph dash in 12.3 seconds, with a maximum speed of 115mph, while improved torque allows higher gearing for improved refinement and economy, with no sacrifice in engine response.

Manual versions of the Forester show similar improvements with urban / extra urban / combined figures of 30.1 / 44.1 / 37.7mpg, and a low CO2 rating of 173g/km. Top speed for the manual Subaru Forester is 114mph with a 0-60mph time of 10.6 seconds.

TRANSMISSION

The Forester diesel boasts a six-speed manual gearbox with optimised ratios for quiet, refined high-speed cruising and flexible low-speed manoeuvres. For example, sixth gear is slightly higher than fifth on the Legacy and Outback boxer diesels, with a ratio of 0.557:1, delivering 31.5mph / 1,000rpm for the Subaru Forester 2.0D X, while first gear is lower at 3.454:1.

The six-speed manual gearbox employs a cable change. Apart from giving a consistent feel, cables isolate transmission and engine vibration, enhancing refinement.

Petrol models are also available with a four-speed automatic transmission. This provides smoother changes with greater sensitivity to the driver's wishes. It is more efficient, saving fuel, because a slip lock-up device reduces wasted engine revs. In addition, advanced electronics - linked to an electronic throttle - match engine speed with the best gear for any given situation.

A new feature is 'Sports Shift' which allows drivers to select from 'normal', 'sports' or 'manual' modes, allowing them to 'tap-shift' between the gears at will.

As with previous models, the full-time All-Wheel-Drive transmission features a 60 / 40 Active Torque-Split on the automatic. However, the split varies according to changing road surface and weather conditions.

SYMMETRICAL ALL-WHEEL-DRIVE

All Forester models enjoy the benefits of Subaru's acclaimed full-time Symmetrical All-Wheel-Drive system, as well as Subaru Vehicle Dynamics Control, as standard. The latter system uses sophisticated sensors to detect side-to-side and front-to- rear slip, plus sudden steering movements. It controls oversteer / understeer and potential loss of control by braking individual wheels and cutting engine revs - all in a matter of milliseconds.

The Subaru Forester's quick-thinking full-time Symmetrical AWD system splits power 50 / 50 per cent front / rear as its default setting. However, as soon as slip is detected, the centre differential with its viscous-coupling distributes torque to the axle with the most grip.

RIDE AND HANDLING

A sophisticated Symmetrical All-Wheel-Drive system, low-friction, long-travel four-wheel independent suspension and low-centre-of-gravity Boxer engine, all contribute to the Subaru Forester's reputation for outstanding chassis dynamics.

It offers a highly absorbent ride with precise geometry control for accurate straight-line running over uneven road surfaces backed by extremely responsive steering and handling.

The rear multi-link, double-wishbone suspension liberates more luggage space thanks to its compactness compared to the previous rear-strut arrangement. And because it is attached to a sub-frame via bushes, with the mounting section moved to under the floor itself, road noise is reduced, too.

To boost ride comfort, the rear springs and shock-absorbers are mounted behind the centre-line of the rear wheels, with the wheel stroke itself moving rearwards. A rear anti-roll bar is standard.

Like all previous Subaru Forester incarnations, the rear suspension features self-levelling which aids stability when laden and ensures a constant ground clearance - now a substantial 215mm - 10mm greater than before.

At the front, the previous sub-frame has been eliminated, saving 20kg in weight. However, a new box-section for the front cross-member provides the same level of structural rigidity.

The MacPherson strut suspension and anti-roll bar layout is based on that used by the highly acclaimed Legacy and Impreza. It offers high lateral rigidity which improves steering response and cornering stability.

This is further enhanced by an especially rigid mounting for the steering rack and the positioning of the steering gearbox and electric motor below the rack for a more consistent feel. Furthermore, special suspension bushes and attachment points reduce road shock.

A more linear feel to the steering has been achieved, while the steering gear ratio has been changed for a sportier feel and the rack diameter is increased from 23 to 26mm.

For the Boxer diesel Subaru Forester, the front damping has been firmed up together with the steering to sharpen handling and compensate for the 45kg increase in engine weight.

Wheel and tyre sizes have been optimised for the new Subaru Forester's chassis and anticipated all-terrain use.

The Subaru Forester X models feature 16 x 6.5-inch alloy wheels with 215/65 R 16 tyres, while Forester XC, XS and XS NavPlus have 17 x 7.0-inch alloy wheels with 225/55 R 17 tyres.

PASSENGER AND PEDESTRIAN PROTECTION

Both occupants and pedestrians are well protected by the Subaru Forester thanks to a whole series of safety measures aimed at achieving the highest standards.

Curtain and side airbags are now fitted to all models together with driver and front passenger dual-stage airbags. The front seatbelts have pre-tensioners, anti-whiplash front head restraints are standard and the front seats have energy-absorbing backs.

The brake pedal is energy-absorbing, being designed to snap away under severe impact, protecting the driver's lower limbs. In the rear seat, two ISOFIX-compatible child seat mountings are fitted.

Also fitted as standard, the anti-lock braking system (ABS) comes with electronic brakeforce distribution (EBD). This system juggles the braking force between front and rear wheels according to weight transfer during deceleration. Unlike the previous model, the new Forester has ventilated front disc brakes.

High-tensile steel is used extensively throughout the bodyshell, providing good 'crushability' where needed for protecting the passenger area. Not only does the elimination of the previous Subaru Forester's front sub-frame reduce weight by 20kg, but the new structure better dissipates front impact forces.

Pedestrian protection is also greatly enhanced. Because the Subaru Forester is higher than a car, more space has been made between the bonnet and catch, while the bonnet itself has been designed to spread impact load over its entire surface. The back of the bonnet compresses easily and the cowl ahead of the windscreen is designed to dissipate collision energy.

A shock-absorbing plate has been installed ahead of the front bumper beam to reduce pedestrian leg injuries. This design meets European pedestrian safety regulations while retaining the Subaru Forester's off-road approach angle, as expected of an SUV.

WARRANTY

All Foresters come with the reassurance of a three-year or 60,000-mile warranty plus 12-year anti-corrosion cover and three-year paintwork warranty.

This is in addition to three years membership of Subaru Assistance - a comprehensive home and roadside repair and recovery package throughout the UK and Europe, administered by Mondial Assistance.

Service intervals are 12,000 miles or one year - whichever arrives first.

Insurance ratings are also extremely competitive at Group 9E for the Subaru Forester 2.0D X and XC and Group 10E for the Subaru Forester 2.0D XS NavPlus.

Audi A4 Avant

A bestseller has become even more attractive: Audi has updated the A4 series. New solutions for efficiency, driving dynamics and infotainment, along with an even more attractive design, attest the "Vorsprung durch Technik" achieved by the A4 Sedan, the A4 Avant, the A4 allroad quattro and the S4.
Design
The A4 is Audi's bestseller - for 39 years now and in its eighth generation. The brand has sold ten million such models in total. The Audi A4, with its elegance, sportiness and emotional appeal, forms the centerpiece of the Audi brand. And now the design has become even more clearly defined and striking in all models - the Sedan, the Avant, the allroad quattro and the S4.

The new look further accentuates the horizontal lines at the front end. The engine hood is more arched, the upper corners of the single frame grille are tapered, and the cross ribs and the Audi rings are highlighted three-dimensionally. The grille is painted gray, with high-gloss black on the six-cylinder models or in combination with the S line exterior package. The redesigned bumpers are striking with their angular air inlets, their revised grilles and the flat front fog lights. The Audi A4 allroad quattro is distinguished by its grille's horizontal chrome applications and by the round fog lights.

Audi A4 allroad quattro

A bestseller has become even more attractive: Audi has updated the A4 series. New solutions for efficiency, driving dynamics and infotainment, along with an even more attractive design, attest the "Vorsprung durch Technik" achieved by the A4 Sedan, the A4 Avant, the A4 allroad quattro and the S4.
Design
The A4 is Audi's bestseller - for 39 years now and in its eighth generation. The brand has sold ten million such models in total. The Audi A4, with its elegance, sportiness and emotional appeal, forms the centerpiece of the Audi brand. And now the design has become even more clearly defined and striking in all models - the Sedan, the Avant, the allroad quattro and the S4.

The new look further accentuates the horizontal lines at the front end. The engine hood is more arched, the upper corners of the single frame grille are tapered, and the cross ribs and the Audi rings are highlighted three-dimensionally. The grille is painted gray, with high-gloss black on the six-cylinder models or in combination with the S line exterior package. The redesigned bumpers are striking with their angular air inlets, their revised grilles and the flat front fog lights. The Audi A4 allroad quattro is distinguished by its grille's horizontal chrome applications and by the round fog lights.
The headlights have also changed, with a slight wave at the bottom edges, and a re-arranged interior. Xenon plus headlights are available from Audi on request. The LED daytime running lights form a narrow, optically homogeneous band that remains open in the vicinity of the xenon lens. The adaptive light together with dynamic and static cornering lights are available on request.
The tail lights reflect the shape of the headlights, and in combination with xenon plus have homogeneous strips of LEDs. The bumper with its diffuser insert has been redesigned, with the exhaust system always terminating in two tailpipes.
There is a selection of 15 paint finishes, including four new tones. The Sedan and the Avant offer the S line exterior package, while the Avant also includes a roof spoiler.
The modifications have changed the dimensions only by a few millimeters. The Audi A4 Sedan and the Avant each have a length of 4.70 meters (15.42 ft), while the A4 allroad quattro and the S4 are 4.72 meters (15.49 ft) long. The wheelbases for all models are 2.81 meters (9.22 ft), and the width is 1.83 and 1.84 meters, respectively (6.0 and 6.04 ft). The height varies between 1.41 and 1.50 meters (4.63 and 4.92 ft) depending on the body version.
Interior
The interior of the Audi A4 models has also been refined. Audi offers a wide selection of new steering wheels with chrome and high-gloss inlays, with the leather sport steering wheel also featuring a flattened lower rim. The steering arm and the ignition key have been modified. High-gloss applications and the slender chrome trim at the controls add elegance to the interior.
The elaborate finish makes operation even simpler and more intuitive. The MMI navigation plus system now features four instead of eight buttons, with a script function integrated in the volume control dial. Other improvements concern operation of the automatic transmission, the efficient air conditioning systems, Audi drive select and the multifunction steering wheel. The seat heating and air conditioning are now directly operated at the respective buttons.

The high level of workmanship is as much a matter of course for Audi as a sure touch in the range of colors. All interior colors - except black - have been re-coordinated. The upholstery range has also been revised, with Fine Nappa leather replacing Valcona leather. The new, single-part cluster trim has been adapted in color to the interior, while the inlays are available in Aluminum Trigon, walnut dark brown and fine grain ash natural. Especially eye-catching is the Beaufort oak plywood inlay.
The interior of the S line sport package comes in black, refined with high-quality applications. 18-inch wheels or the optional 19-inch wheels and an S line sport suspension that lowers the body by 30 millimeters (1.18 in) complete the package. Audi exclusive and Audi exclusive line offer further individualized options.
The Audi A4 Sedan's luggage compartment still has its 480-liter capacity - 962 liters with the rear seats folded down (16.95 and 33.97 cubic ft). The A4 Avant and the A4 allroad quattro have 490 and 1,430 liters, respectively (17.30 and 50.50 cubic ft), with Audi offering an optional electrically operated tailgate for both models.
Engines
The new Audi A4's drive system sets new standards. The consumption levels have dropped by 11 percent on average, despite the increased power and torque of many of the engines. In the Sedan and the Avant each, Audi offers any of six TDI and four gasoline engines, with 23 possible engine-transmission combinations. All engines are supercharged direct-injection systems; the start-stop system and the recuperation system are standard throughout.
The TDI engines combine pulling power with pioneering efficiency, with the four-cylinder versions presenting extensive modifications. A new centrifugal pendulum-type absorber (in the 2.0 TDI with 100 kW, 120 kW or 130 kW with quattro drive) in the dual-mass flywheel makes engine running even more refined and quieter at low revs, for even earlier upshifting and savings of up to 0.2 liters per 100 km.
The most economical variant in the model family is the Audi A4 2.0 TDI with 100 kW (136 hp). In the Sedan, this engine needs only 4.2 liters of fuel per 100 km (56.0 US mpg) on average - a CO2 equivalent of just 112 grams per km (180.25 g/mile). The new A4 2.0 TDI with 120 kW (163 hp), also optimized for maximum efficiency, manages with 4.4 liters of diesel per 100 km (53.46 US mpg). This equates to 115 grams CO2 per km (185.07 g/mile). Both engines are available for the Sedan and the Avant.
In addition, three other four-cylinder diesel engines are available - with 88 kW (120 hp), 105 kW (143 hp) and 130 kW (177 hp). They can also be ordered for the allroad quattro, apart from the entry-level version. Three V6 TDI units complete the line. The 3.0 TDI with 150 kW (204 hp) (not for the allroad quattro) is the most efficient six-cylinder engine in its class worldwide; in the A4 Sedan it consumes an average of just 4.9 liters of fuel per 100 km (48.0 US mpg). The second variant, the 3.0 TDI, generates 180 kW (245 hp), with an especially clean diesel version.
The Audi A4 series also presents the latest state of the art in gasoline engine technology. A new highlight of the TFSI family is the new 1.8-liter engine, available for the Sedan and the Avant. The four-cylinder engine delivers sporty thrust, with a power output of 125 kW (170 hp) and 320 Nm (236.02 lb-ft) of torque. The average consumption in the Audi A4 Sedan is limited to 5.6 liters per 100 km (42.0 US mpg), or 134 grams CO2 per km (215.65 g/mile). That is a decrease in consumption of 19 percent compared with the predecessor engine.
The new 1.8 TFSI engine features many innovations: in the control of its valves and their lift, in the novel thermal management system, in the fuel injection system, in the turbocharger and in the integration of the exhaust manifold in the cylinder head. The engine weighs 3.5 kilograms (7.72 lb) less and its internal friction has sharply decreased.
The entry-level gasoline engine is the 1.8 TFSI with 88 kW (120 hp). The 2.0 TFSI - as the only spark-ignition engine also available in the Audi A4 allroad quattro - delivers 155 kW (211 hp). At the top of the line is the 3.0 TFSI in two variants. In the Audi A4 the V6, to follow a bit later, affords 200 kW (272 hp). In the sporty Audi S4 top model its power is an impressive 245 kW (333 hp).
Drivetrain
The wide range of drivetrains is typical of Audi. A six-speed manual transmission is standard on the Sedan and Avant models with front-wheel drive; most variants offer continuously variable multitronic as an option. The quattro versions have either the manual transmission or (as of the 2.0 TDI with 130 kW (177 hp)) the seven-speed S tronic on board. The Audi A4 allroad quattro employs a manual transmission or S tronic with all engine versions.
The innovative thermal management system shortens the warm-up phase of the manual transmission, among other things, and thereby reduces friction loss. All transmissions are distinguished by convenient and precise operation, high efficiency and a wide spread of gear ratios - the long ratios in the higher gears reduces fuel consumption, while the short ratios in the lower gears benefit the dynamics.
The quattro permanent all-wheel drive is standard on the Audi A4 allroad quattro, and available in the Sedan and Avant from the 2.0 TDI with 105 kW (143 hp). The A4 family uses the self-locking center differential here. In regular driving operation it primarily transmits the engine torque to the rear wheels in the ratio of 40 to 60. If necessary, redistribution occurs within the shortest possible time. The torque vectoring function supplements the work of the center differential with finely incremented brake applications, to make handling even more precise and safer.
In the V6 quattro variants Audi offers the sport differential as a supplement, lending maximum precision and high traction to the A4 when cornering at the handling limits. The high-end component actively distributes the power between the rear wheels as required.
Chassis
The chassis of the Audi A4 is striking with its sporty precision, high ride comfort and superior safety. The mounts of the rear suspension control arms and the characteristics of the shock absorbers have been even more finely tuned. Most of the components of the five-link front suspension and the trapezoidal-link rear suspension are made of aluminum.
The electromechanical power steering is new in all models of the series. The direct gear ratios convey precise road contact; slight brake applications counteract pulling to the side on unevenly slippery surfaces. The electromechanical power steering requires no energy for straight-ahead motion, thereby reducing fuel consumption by up to 0.3 liters per 100 km. This is equivalent to a reduction in CO2 emissions of up to 7 g/km (11.27 g/mile).
Another high-end feature that gives the Audi A4 a special status in its class is Audi drive select. In the basic package, the driver can switch the characteristic of the accelerator, the shift points of the automatic transmission, the power steering and the automatic air conditioning between the four modes "comfort," "auto," "dynamic" and "efficiency." If there is an onboard navigation system, the additional "individual" mode is also included.
Further modules are optional - adaptive cruise control or the cruise control system, the sport differential, the suspension with damper control and dynamic steering. By means of a superposition gear, the gear ratio is adjusted in a continuously variable manner depending on the driven speed; at the handling limits small interventions compensate for understeering and oversteering.
All front-wheel-drive versions of the Audi A4 feature the electronic stabilization program (ESP) with electronic limited slip differential. In dynamic driving the system further improves handling and safety by initiating minimum brake interventions at the front wheel that is subject to a reduced load on the inside of the curve. The large wheel brakes - with ventilated front and rear disks in many variants - offer excellent stopping power and can be precisely modulated.
All Audi A4 variants roll off the assembly line on elegant aluminum wheels. Depending on the engine version, they are 16 or 17 inches in size; tires with optimized rolling resistance belong to the 205/60 and 225/50 series. The A4 3.0 TFSI has 18-inch wheels with 245/40 series tires. The line of options ranges to 19 inches with 255/35 series tires. Four of the 18 available wheels are new designs. The A4 allroad quattro offers four independent designs.
Assistance systems
Audi offers highly developed assistance systems for the A4 family, for making driving even more relaxed. Standard on all variants is the new driver information system with break recommendation - it detects and draws the driver's attention to deviations from typical driving behavior on the basis of steering motions and other parameters.
The adaptive cruise control assistance system keeps the Audi A4 at a constant distance from the preceding vehicle at speeds between zero and 200 km/h (124.27 mph). If the threat of a rear-end collision becomes imminent at speeds below 30 km/h (18.64 mph), the system will execute a full brake application. Audi active lane assist supports the driver in keeping to his lane. A camera detects the lane markings and the system makes slight corrections to the steering if necessary. Audi side assist monitors the space behind the Audi A4 by radar and detects any vehicles in the blind spot, for example.
Infotainment systemsAudi offers a whole kit of state-of-the-art infotainment systems for its A4 series. The chorus CD radio with eight speakers is standard, while the MMI navigation plus system with large hard disk, color monitor, 3D graphics and DVD player forms the top of the line. Voice control and the optional digital audio broadcasting are further improvements to the system.
The high-end supplement to the MMI navigation plus system is the Bluetooth online car phone. Via Audi connect the system provides special services in the car, such as voice-controlled Google searches for points of interest and navigation with Google Earth pictures, along with Google Street View. Audi online traffic information, another such service, gives the driver the latest news on congestion along the selected route. The WLAN hotspot, another feature of the Bluetooth online car phone, allows passengers in the Audi A4 to surf the internet and send e-mails as they please with their mobile devices.
The Audi S4
The Audi S4, available in the Sedan and Avant versions, employs the most powerful engine in the line - the 3.0 TFSI with 245 kW (333 hp) and 440 Nm (324.53 lb-ft) torque. The Sedan's average fuel consumption is a mere 8.0 liters per 100 km (29.40 US mpg) - with an impressive performance: The Audi S4 accelerates in 5.0 seconds from zero to 100 km/h (62.14 mph) and achieves an electronically limited maximum speed of 250 km/h (155.34 mph).
The modified Audi S4 is identifiable from the changes to the headlights, the bumpers, the air inlets and colors. The interior also contains subtle changes in appearance. The S sport suspension and 18-inch wheels featured on the S4 deliver outstanding road grip.
Prices
The prices of the A4 have changed only slightly, despite the extensive upgrading. For example, the Audi A4 2.0 TFSI costs just 475 euros more - the sporty Sedan is now listed at 35,425 euros.